Criminal justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Criminal justice - Essay Example It has often been confused that correctional facilities are intended to punish perpetrators of law. That said, the prison system plays a major role in removing criminals from the street thereby creating a safer haven for its citizens while providing opportunities for criminals to understand their offenses and change for the better. The rate of imprisonment in the United States has been on the increase in recent times and this has raised concern among public administrators and citizens in general. The prison administrators primarily are alarmed that in the near future the prisons may be insufficient to hold inmates convicted of felonies. Claims that the correctional facilities are not given enough attention as they ought to given their importance in ensuring security of its citizenry has lead to the recent debate on whether or not correctional facilities should be privatized or remain in the hands of federal and state government. Of course, each opposing side has reasons why they think things should be as they propose. Therefore, what are the pros and cons of privatization of correctional facilities specifically jails in the United States. The jail system is best left in the hands of the public because there are many aspects that would be negatively imparted if jails were privatized, for example employment. This is because underlying privatization of any state owned corporation is the issue of cost reduction. Therefore, in the arms of private companies, profit margins take precedence, meaning that most prison guards and staff would be laid off and the few left to work twice as hard in order that expenses are reduced. Moreover, the urge to cut corners in vital activities like recruiting staff, training and compensation among prison workers among others is high probability. The outcome increased rate of unemployment and by extension higher crime rate. In addition, privatized companies are notorious for bending standards of requirement. Employing of under

International Trade Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

International Trade - Research Paper Example The competition effects in bestowing more reasonable goods or services to the customers. The trade of products and services also influences the global economic structure in relation to demand and supply, accessibility and availability of goods and services to the prospective customers around the globe (Grimwade 1-50). Thesis Statement The paper intends to briefly discuss about international trade and its historical background. The different problems, benefits and the present day standing with regard to international trade have also been highlighted within this study. History of International Trade With regard to the historical concept, international trade can be stated as the basic notion of trading which had been conducted by Great Britain in the early part of 15th century. The European commenced to explore the trading activities through seas to discover new trade ways to the Asian market. With the similar context, the Portuguese explored England, Spain, and France and Africa set ac ross the Atlantic Ocean and discovered colonies as the new market place for trade. During the 17th century, the industrial revolution had occurred in Great Britain and it facilitated it as a stronger trading nation through supplying goods to those targeted colonies and purchased valuable raw materials from those dependencies (Meier, â€Å"Theoretical Issues Concerning the History of International Trade and Economic Development†). During the period of 17th and 18th century, â€Å"mercantilism† emanated in Europe to perform trade in a systematic body involving consideration dedicated to explore the trade beyond the national boundaries. According to the concept of mercantilism, the trade should operate in a balanced way during the export and the import of goods or services. The favorable â€Å"balance of trade† consigns the equal value of exported and imported goods that are to be exchanged among the territories. However, trade among the regions was evaluated to be advantageous due to its capability to derive value to the domestic goods which surpassed the cost of imported goods, which is a key concept of â€Å"balance of trade†. With this concern of trade revolution, the theory of Adam Smith has fundamentally developed the economic thoughts with regard to international trade. According to the Smith’s economic theory, financial growth of a country highly depends upon proper categorization and distribution of workers. The categorization performed according to skill and experience which is effective for an organization to produce more products from the existing resources and it is one of the major influences for the company to attain higher standard of income. The division of workers is also important to allocate them according to the growth and the structure of the market. With this concern, the practice of such trading activities is more advantageous to increase national economic growth along with generating a feasible growth on the world’s economy as well (Irwin, â€Å"A Brief History of International Trade Policy†). Problems of International Trade International trade activity often brings with it certain difficulties. During the process of trade on a global basis, companies can face difficulties in terms of quality as well as international competitiveness with regard to their produced

Compare and contrast 2 theoretical accounts of developmental dyslexia Essay

Compare and contrast 2 theoretical accounts of developmental dyslexia - Essay Example The distinguishing traits of the condition include reading and writing difficulties. It is surmised that it spawns from sensory dysfunctions, and these have been thoroughly backed up by empirical research. However, the definitive cause of the condition is yet to be determined (Coleman, 2002). The disorder has frequently been hypothesized to be the result of various sensory malfunctions. After years of research, it has been indicated that dyslexia also has visual and writing aspects, making it a learning disability that debilitates optimized performance (Francks et al, 2002). This essay aims to compare the two theories of dyslexia at the biological, cognitive and behavioral levels. However, before undertaking this comparison, it is important to lay down the different theories that explain this condition. These are the phonological, the magnocellular (auditory and visual) and the cerebellar theories (Ramus et al, 2002). I shall attempt to compare the phonological and cerebellar theories of dyslexia. Ramus et al (2002) undertook a multiple case study to evaluate the key theories explaining the origin of dyslexia. The sample of the study was composed of 16 university students for the control group. They were given various tests to gauge dyslexic traits. The outcomes suggest that majority of the respondents had a phonological deficit and that this was enough cause for them to have dyslexia. That is, in contrast with the cerebellar theory that has auditory and visual deficits as requisites to dyslexia, the study points out that the presence of a phonological deficit alone defines the condition. The presence of auditory deficits only worsens the condition, but are not necessarily required for having dyslexia. These deficits result in â€Å"literacy impairments.† Moreover, the study did not reinforce that motor deficiencies are rooted on the cerebellum (Ramus et al, 2002). At the biological and cognitive levels, the phonological deficit theory

Some little questions of political social scnence Assignment

Some little questions of political social scnence - Assignment Example If there is inequality between the identical workers, this means that those working in unions are more skilled which increases inequality because these workers are more knowledgeable than the non-union workers. The strong relationship between unions and inequality attracts great interests and analysts struggles to illustrate increase in labor inequality in most industrialized countries. This has been a great challenge in countries that experiences high levels of geographical mobility, with rate of competitive labor markets. Mobility is measured in terms of income earned and the rate of employment. When the low income earners search for new employment opportunities, this increases the level of labor mobility, and on the other hand, when the unemployment rate is high, this increases geographical mobility. Externalities are common aspects in almost every field of economic activity. They are referred as third party effects emanating from the manufacturing of goods and services without any suitable compensation considered. When there is negative production, the marginal social cost exceeds the private marginal cost as illustrated by the diagram below. In other aspects, externalities may result to market failure. In illustrating this, we assume that if a manufacturer is only interested in maximizing profits, then they only account for private costs and private benefits that arise from the product supplies. The diagram below illustrates that the level of profit maximization is at Q1. On the other hand, the social optimum output level is at Q2. Unionization causes a significant change in the market besides its great influence on remunerations and employment. Labor unions prohibit employers from negotiating with employees that are unionized. Registered Unions act as collective bargaining representatives for employees. However, these trade unions may cause labour market failure, since they aim at enhancing the wage rates for the workers.

HRM Assignment Guide Each individual student will be required to Essay

HRM Assignment Guide Each individual student will be required to prepare a written assignment on the following two questions - Essay Example In addition to this, the study will discuss the similarity and differences of these principles. A multinational or a domestic organization when develops human resource strategies and policies according to the host country’s work or religious culture, then it can be defined as domestic practices and policies. On the other hand, an organization develops human resources policies or strategies in several global operating market places according to the cultural or religious background of people or employees, it can be considered as multinational human resource policies and practices. Discussion Global business environment has become highly competitive as several leading organizations are operating within a similar industry. In addition to this, these organizations are continuously developing unique business strategies in order to maintain its significant competitive edge in global market place. Human resource department is considered as one of the important department of an organiz ation. Several leading national and multinational organizations have given significant importance to their human resource department in order to ensure effective business performance. ... National or multinational organizations generally try to develop human resource policies to improve the workplace environment and motivate the employees to perform well (Cooke, 2003, p.72). Each and every organization develops human resource policy in host or international country to foster recruitment and workplace performance management process. A multinational organization follows same step or process in all the operating countries regarding the recruitment activities. Job posting, advertising and interview procedures follow same structure in all the countries. Differences in human resource policy in domestic and international countries take place regarding organizational culture of an organization, workplace diversity programmes in an organization, leadership styles in the organizations and use of motivation tolls in the organization (Colling and Terry, 2010, p.98). It is true that an organization has to develop these strategies differently in several global markets due to differ ence in cultural background and behaviour of people. In addition to this, multinational organizations generally develop different types of policies due to various political aspects in different countries, such as wage distribution regulation, labour policy and employment policy. Differences It is important for a multinational organization to implement cultural or social research and survey activity before entering into the international market. It is very much essential to considered different external environmental factors as it helps the human resource department to develop policy. It already has been discussed that there are significant similarities in domestic and international

Academic Poster ( Mental Health) in the uk Essay

Academic Poster ( Mental Health) in the uk - Essay Example Physical problems such as stomach problems, tremors, blackouts, and hangovers occur. Psychologically, the drinker is irritable and can be moved to angry outbursts (Livestrong, 2015). The costs of alcohol misuse are high. Before taking a drink, it is important to ask whether or not, the risk of becoming addicted and succumbing to the problems linked to alcoholism are worth the gains achieved through alcohol consumption. Based on the four stages of alcoholism, it is important to stop drinking as soon as it is apparent that you are at vulnerable to alcohol addiction. This realization should occur in the first stage or the adaptive stage of alcoholism. All efforts should be made to quit consumption of alcohol during this stage. As the alcoholic progresses, it becomes harder to quit until the conclusion stage where quitting might not make a difference since the alcoholic’s body and mind is likely suffering irreparable damage and death is imminent. Ideally, the drinker should recognize a drinking problem early on and make a determined effort to abstain. It is best not to wait until you hit rock bottom as rock bottom could mean a custodial sentence, harm to othe rs. o.oneself. Excessive drinking or drinking ‘more than the recommended limits of alcohol consumption’ (NHS, 2013). The government has established alcohol consumption limits that are believed to pose minimum health risks to those who want to drink. Keeping within the guidelines’ limits should mean the risk of harm is reduced, if not eliminated. Recommended Limits : Women should drink at most, 2-3 units (175ml glass of wine) daily. Men should at most drink 3-4 units (pint of beer, lager or cider) daily (NHS, 2015). However, Nichols, et al. (2012) reveals that even keeping within these limits will not prevent exposure to chronic illness due to alcohol consumption. Mental Health Issues: Alcohol interferes with the brain’s neurotransmitters and exposes alcohol misusers to depression,

How Hardy and Steinbeck treat the theme of outsiders in The Withered Arm and Of Mice and Men Essay Example for Free

How Hardy and Steinbeck treat the theme of outsiders in The Withered Arm and Of Mice and Men Essay Hardy and Steinbeck both use the theme of outsiders strongly in their stories. The term outsider means one who is not a member of a profession, party or circle or one not acquainted with or interested in something that is going on. A person can be an outsider for many different reasons for example loneliness, disability, gender, race, age, size and action. Steinbecks short story Of Mice and Men was set on a ranch in California during the American Depression in the late 1930s. The story is about two men Lennie and George. Lennie is mentally disabled so George looks after him. When Lennie and George first meet the bosss son Curley he immediately feels threatened by Lennies size. Lennie and George go and work on the ranch because they want to save up their money so they can buy a ranch of their own. As the story progresses 2 other characters, Candy and Crooks, become interested in their idea and ask if they can help out. Lennie is given a puppy by Slim (another worker on the ranch). One time Lennie is petting it and does not know his own strength and kills it. Curleys wife comes in and asks what is wrong he tells her what happened and that it only happened because he likes stroking things. She lets him stroke her hair because she thinks it is soft. Lennie gets carried away and wont let go. Curleys wife struggles so much that he breaks her neck. Lennie becomes so frightened that he runs away and just leaves the body. Curley sees his wife and says he is going to give Lennie a horrible death. George hears Curley and decides to kill Lennie himself quickly and painlessly. George finds Lennie and starts to talk about their dream ranch, he raises the gun and shoots Lennie in the back when he is not looking. Hardys novella The Withered Arm was set in England in the 1800s. It is about a woman named Rhoda who has a son with the owner of the dairy farm at which she works. But now the farmer does not want to know her and is married to a younger prettier woman. Rhoda wanted to know what the new wife looked like so she sent her son to go and see. The son came back and told Rhoda what she was like. Rhoda had a dream, she dreamt that Farmer Lodges new wife was sitting on her and she thrust her left arm with her wedding ring on into Rhodas face. Rhoda grabbed her arm and threw her to the floor. The next day the farmers new wife visited Rhoda and revealed to Rhoda some marks on her left arm. A few weeks later Gertrude (Farmer Lodges wife) came back to see Rhoda and showed her that the marks on her arm were getting worse. Months later Gertrude goes to see a conjuror who makes an egg mixture which shows Rhodas face and says that to cure her arm Gertrude must touch the neck of a man who has been hung before he goes cold. Rhoda and her son leave and were never seen leaving. Gertrude found out when the next hanging was taking place and she then travelled to the jail. After the hanging she was shown where the body was. As she touched the body somebody behind her screamed. Gertrude turned around and saw Rhoda and Farmer Lodge standing there. The dead boy was Rhodas son. A few days later Gertrude passed away with shock. There are four main outsiders in Of Mice and Men and also in The Withered Arm. The outsiders in Of Mice and Men are Crooks, Candy, Lennie and Curleys wife and in The Withered Arm they are Rhoda, Gertrude, Farmer Lodge and Rhodas son. Crooks is an outsider in Of Mice and Men because he is black and everybody else on the ranch is white so he is branded as different. A moment in the story where Crooks loneliness is shown is when Lennie comes into his room: You go on get outa my room. I aint wanted in the bunkhouse and you aint wanted in my room This shows that Crooks is not allowed to go in their rooms invading their private space so he does not want them coming in his room doing that, if he is not allowed to do it. An outsider in The Withered Arm Rhoda. She is and outsider because she has a son with Farmer Lodge and does not talk to any of the other workers at the dairy farm, so they think she is stuck-up: as the milkmaid spoke she turned her face so that she could glance past her cows tail to the other side of the barton, where a thin fading woman of thirty milked somewhat apart from the rest. This is a part in the story where Rhoda is at work at the dairy farm and all the other workers are talking about Farmer Lodges new wife. Rhoda does not join in the conversation for obvious reasons, but as they talk the workers look over at her. Candy is another outsider in Of Mice and Men. He is an outsider because he is older than any of the other workers. A part in the story where Candys loneliness is visible is when his dog is taken from him and shot by some of the other workers because they are sick of the smell of it: Candy did not answer. The silence fell on the room againCandy lay still staring at the ceiling Candy did not want his dog to be killed because it was his friend, but when it is killed he feels lonely as if he has got no one left. Farmer Lodge is also an outsider in The Withered Arm. He is an outsider because he is older than any of the other workers and he is rich, which everybody else is not. When he marries his new wife Gertrude they see him as being lonely because he has married a younger woman. Curleys wife is an outsider because in Of Mice and Men she has just married Curley and moved to the ranch, which his dad owns. All the other workers think she must be lonely because she is always seen wandering around the ranch, she is never seen with Curley. Similarly Gertrude is an outsider in The Withered Arm because she has just married Farmer Lodge and moved to his home. When she comes home with Farmer Lodge everybody is talking about her Who is she? and What does she look like? so this must make her fell as though people are talking at her behind her back. In Of Mice and Men Lennie is an outsider because he has a mental disability and is looked after by George. He is also does not know his own strength and hurts Curley, this incident makes him feel more vulnerable to the other workers: Lennie smiled with his bruised mouth. I didnt want no trouble, he said. He walked toward the door In the same way Rhodas son is an outsider in The Withered Arm because he is dominated by his mother and at the end when he is hung, he is wrongly accused of something because of injustice: a young fellow deserved to be let off, this on does; only just turned eighteen, and only present by chance when the rick was fired This is the part in the story when Gertrude goes to see if there is any hangings happening the next day and is told about one, which is Rhodas son. The man who is telling her says he is innocent. Dreams are featured a lot in both stories. Lennie, George and Candy have a dream in Of Mice and Men to own their own ranch: Well have a big vegetable patch and a rabbit-hutch and chickens. Lennie and George at first are going to buy the ranch by themselves but then Lennie accidentally tells Candy, so George lets him help them. Curleys wife also has a dream to become an actress and be respected. In The Withered Arm Rhoda has a dream about Gertrude sitting on her with the wedding ring on: the young wife, in the pale silk dress and white bonnetthe figure thrust forward its left hand mockingly, so as to make the wedding ring it wore glitter in Rhodas eyesswung out her right hand seized the confronting spectre by its obtrusive left arm, and whirled it backward to the floor However in this story the dream comes true because Gertrude visits Rhoda and shows her the marks on her arm. In Of Mice and Men the style is mainly conversational, we learn about events through dialogue. Through language we can tell that the boss is aloof to the workers. The language is like a childs when Lennie is moving; he is described like an animal. This story is known as a novella. It deals with poor and working class people. In The Withered Arm the style is also conversational, we learn about Rhoda at the beginning through conversation. It is third person narrative and in the past tense. This story is known as a short story. Through language we can also tell that the boss is aloof to the workers. This story also deals with poor and working class people. The settings are very similar, as they are both set on a farm in remote areas of the countries in which they are set. The Withered Arm is set on a dairy farm in England but Of Mice and Men is set on a ranch in California.