Absenteeism 2

Absenteeism is a serious workplace problem and an expensive occurrence for both employers and employees seemingly unpredictable in nature. A satisfactory level of attendance by employees at work is necessary to allow the achievement of objectives and targets by a department. Employee Absenteeism is the absence of an employee from work. It is a major problem faced by almost all employers of today. Employees are absent from work and thus the work suffers. Employee’s presence at workplace during the scheduled time is highly essential for the smooth running of the production process in particular and the organization in general. Despite the significance of their presence, employees sometime fail to report at the work place during the scheduled time, which is known as â€Å"Absenteeism†. Labour Bureau, Simla defined the term ‘absenteeism’ as â€Å"the failure of a worker to report for work when he is scheduled to work. † Labour Bureau also states that â€Å"absenteeism is the total man-shifts lost because of absence as a percentage of the total number of man-shifts scheduled to work. According to Webster’s Dictionary, â€Å"Absenteeism is the practice or habit of being an ‘absence’ and an absentee is one who habitually stays away. † Types of Absenteeism: Absenteeism is of four types viz: 1) Authorized Absenteeism, 2) Unauthorized Absenteeism, 3) Willful Absenteeism and 4) caus ed by circumstances beyond one’s control. 1) Authorized Absenteeism: If an employee absent himself from work by taking permission from his superior and applying for leave, such absenteeism is called authorized absenteeism. ) Unauthorized Absenteeism: if an employee absent himself from work without informing or taking permission and without applying for leave, such absenteeism is called unauthorized absenteeism. 3) Willful Absenteeism: If an employee absents himself from duty willfully, such absenteeism is called willful absenteeism. 4) Absenteeism caused by Circumstances beyond One’s Control: If an employee absents himself from duty owing to the circumstances beyond his control like involvement in accidents or sudden sickness, such absenteeism is called absenteeism caused by circumstances beyond one’s control. Features of Absenteeism: Research studies undertaken by different authors reveal the following features of absenteeism: * The rate of absenteeism is the lowest on pay day, it increases considerably on the days following the payment of wages and bonus. * Absenteeism is generally high among workers below 15 years of age and those above 40. The younger employees are not regular and punctual, presumably because of the employment of a large number of newcomers among the younger age groups. While the older people are not able to withstand the strenuous nature of the work. The rate of absenteeism varies from department to department within a unit. As the size of the group increases, the rate of absenteeism goes up. This difference in the rate of absenteeism is believed to be due to the peculiar style and practices of management, the composition of the labor force and the culture of the organization. * The percentage of absenteeism is generally higher in the day shifts * The percentage of ab senteeism is much higher in coal and mining industries than in organized industries. * Absenteeism in India is seasonal in character It is the highest during March-April-May, when a land has to be prepared for monsoon saving, and also in the harvest season, when the rate goes as high as 40 percent Causes Of Absenteeism: The following are the general causes of absenteeism 1) Maladjustment with the Working Conditions: If the working conditions of the company are poor, the workers cannot adjust themselves with the company’s working conditions. Then they prefer to stay away from the company. 2) Social and Religious Ceremonies: Social and religious functions divert the worker’s attention from the work. ) Unsatisfactory Housing conditions at the workplace. 4) Industrial Fatigue: The industrial fatigue compels workers to remain outside the work place. 5) Unhealthy Working Conditions: The poor and intolerable working condition in the factories irritates the workers. Excess hea t, noise, either too much or too low lightening, poor ventilation, dust, smoke etc. cause poor health of the workers. These factors cause the workers to be absent. 6) Poor Welfare Facilities: Though a number of legislation concerning welfare facilities are enacted, many organization fail to provide welfare facilities. This is either due to the poor financial position of the companies or due to the exploitative attitude of the employer. The poor welfare facilities include poor sanitation, washing, bathing, first-aid appliances, ambulance, rest rooms, drinking water, canteen, shelter, creches etc. the dissatisfied workers with these facilities prefer to be away from the work place. 7) Alcoholism: Workers mostly prefer to spend money on the consumption of liquor and enjoyment after getting the wages. Therefore the rate of absenteeism is more during the first week of every month. ) Indebtness: The low level wages and unplanned expenditure of the workers force them to borrow heavily. The research studies indicate that workers borrow more than 10 times of their net pay. Consequently, workers fail to repay the money. Then they try to escape from the place in order to avoid the moneylenders. This leads to absenteeism. 9) Maladjustments with the job demands: The fast changing technology demands higher leve l skills from the workers. Some workers fail to meet these demands due to their low level education and/or absence of training. 0) Unsound Personnel Policies: The improper and unrealistic personnel policies result in employee dissatisfaction. The dissatisfied employee in turn prefers to be away from the work. 11) Inadequate Leave Facilities: The inadequate leave facilities provided by the employer forces him to depend on E. S. I. leave which allows the workers to be away from the work for 56 days in a year on half pay. 12) Low level of Wages: Wages in some organizations are very poor and they are quite inadequate to meet the basic needs of the employees. Therefore, employees go for other employment during their busy season and earn more money. Further, some employees take up part time jobs. Thus the employees resort to moonlighting and absent themselves from work. The Cost to Co. Turnover As most HR managers know, the cost of turnover adds hundreds of thousands of dollars to a company's expenses. While it is difficult to fully calculate the cost of turnover (including hiring costs, training costs, productivity loss), industry experts often quote 25% of the average employee salary as a conservative estimate. For example, if the average salary is $20,000/yr the cost of one employee turnover is $5,000. If you have 30 employees terminating per month, the cost to the organization equals $150,000/month. Mulitiply that by 12 months and you have $1,800,000 in added annual expense. Loss of Company Knowledge When an employee leaves, they take with them valuable knowledge about your company, your customers, current projects and past history (sometimes to competitors). Often much time and money has been spent on the employee in expectation of a future return. When the employee leaves, the investment is not realized. Disruption of Customer Service Customers and clients do business with a company in part because of the people. Relationships are developed that encourage continued patronage of the business. When an employee leaves, the relationships that employee built for the company are severed, which could lead to potential customer loss. Turnover spirals into more turnover When an employee terminates, the effect is felt throughout the organization. Coworkers are often required to pick up the slack. The unspoken negativity often intensifies for the remaining staff.

The Hospitality in the Odyssey

In the epic, by Homer, â€Å"The Odyssey†, hospitality is demonstrated at various points. It is never really genuine, but forced upon due to circumstance. Throughout the entire epic Odysseus finds himself stranded on many islands and is greeted by a being that either dwells or has control over the island, and at one point or another they display some form of hospitality. Kyklops, Aiolos, and Kirke have self-motivated reason for showing hospitality, but never the less they are hospitable. Kyklops, a one-eyed giant that consumes humans, showed very little hospitality. The only time that he was hospitable to Odysseus is when he was drunk, and asked Odysseus for more wine. In return for the wine, the Kyklops promised him a gift. The gift was that he would eat Odysseus last. Even though it does not seem like much of a gift, Kyklops felt like it was a great honor. The only reason that Kyklops was sociable at all was because he desired the wine and Odysseus was the only one that could bring him the wine. The act of kindness had absolutely nothing to do with the idea of being kind, it was all to gain something greater in return. The Aiolia Island belonged to Aiolos Hippotades, the King of the wind. When Odysseus arrived he welcomed him with great hospitality, but made him stay for one month and tell him the story of his journey in great detail. Odysseus then requested that he be granted leave so that he could sail home. Aiolos Hippotades granted his leave, and upon Odysseus requests was allowed to replenish his supplies. Hippotades was extremely generous and added a bull's hide and bottled storm winds to guide his ship to Ithaca swiftly and safely. Hippotadoes actions not out of generosity, but rather Odysseus had brought him news from Troy and entrained him with a great journey from the world beyond his island. The wind king enjoyed such things because he did not have access to them, and he felt he had to be extremely hospitable to Odysseus in order to repay him for the great gift that he had brought, which he could not receive any where else. They made the departure, but the bottle was accidentally opened, and they were forced back to the island. Hippotades turned them away telling them that the gods cursed their journey. The wind king was using Odysseus as a form of a newsletter. He had no other way of knowing what was going on in the world. Once Odysseus was unable to give him what he wanted, his hospitality quickly faded. After exploring the island, and some of Odysseus' men were eaten by giants, his men came across Kirke's house. All of the men entered the house except one, Eurylochus, and Kirke turned them into pigs. Eurylochus returned to Odysseus and told him what had happened. While Odysseus traveled to Kirke's house he was visited by Hermes who gave him an amulet and had him consume a flower that would make him immune to her potion that turned men into pigs. Upon meeting Kirke she was so impressed with Odysseus because he was immune to her poison, that she assumed he was a man of the gods, and she invited him into her bed. In return Odysseus made her swear that if he would go to bed with her that she would not be able to harm him. Kirke transformed the pigs back into men and kept Odysseus as her mate for one year. She was fixated on a more superficial way of thinking, Kirke was only hospitable to Odysseus because of the fact that he was immune to her potion and he was man of the gods. She was attempting to improve her status and how she felt about herself. Throughout the epic there are numerous acts of hospitality, but they all derive from an alternative motive. During this time people did not have a conventional way of knowing about other lands, so they would use the new comers as newspapers in order to know what's going on. No one does anything for anyone out of the kindness of their heart. Perhaps there is no such thing as genuine acts of hospitality.

A Farewell Of Arms, By Ernest Hemingway Essay World War II, World War

Throughout the novel, Ernest Hemingway demonstrates the true horrors and realities of the Great War. At the beginning of the novel, many individuals in the Italian army despise the Great War and its primary objectives, believing that it is not only unnecessary but also unjust. In addition the impact of the war is illustrated when an American soldier decides to take the truss off of his hernia in order to avoid fighting at the front lines. Furthermore, as the war continues to expand and intensify, Rinaldi, a proficient Italian surgeon is significantly affected as he is about his medals, war wounds as well as the promotion that he is about to obtain. Ettore further encourages Henry to join the American army, since it will compensate him much more than the Italian army. Moretti’s moral values are shown in his reasoning for joining the American army since he would rather serve in an army that pays him more for his services. Henry’s own experiences of the Great War ch anges his perspectives and attitudes, leaving him to feel lonely, disgusted as well as disconnected for participating in a warfare that destroys and kills countless of innocent people.Consequently, Ernest Hemingway portrays the First World War as meaningless, gruesome and destructive, which causes detrimental impacts on many individuals physically, morally as well as mentally. He demonstrates that war is senseless and brutal, inflicting mental and physical damage to

Governance for Environmental Sustainability - Policy Analysis Essay

Governance for Environmental Sustainability - Policy Analysis - Essay Example The document provides an analysis of the background, aims and objectives of the NAP. It also addresses the implication beyond NAP areas in the consumption/market and health sector. Finally, the government’s accountability in development, implementation and evaluation, how much people are informed on the policy, and policy’s outcome. Keywords: National Agricultural Policy, Indian Government, Agricultural Sustainability, Food Security, Environmental Safety, Resources, Growth rate, Diversification, Farmers, Consumers, GMOs, Production, Bio-technologies, Food Prices, Initiatives, and Credit Institutions, Prior to the introduction of the policy in India, the country had experienced various agrarian reforms since the 80s. When the green revolution period set in agricultural production improved due to the technological breakthrough. This brought diversification in agricultural activities, influenced investment, change in economic policies and growth in output. However, the impact was not the same in regions of dry lands in India. In fact, such parts had not realized the benefits of technological breakthrough, meaning the policies and reforms that existed failed to serve equally the entire country. The Indian government tried to implement policies that sought to change the situation in the dry lands, but instead brought more confusion and challenges/opportunities for the agricultural sector. Chand states there was strong pressure for the Indian government to develop a formal agricultural plan to direct the sector in new and emerging sectors; this yielded the new agricultural policy of 2 000 intended to guide the sector for the next two decades (n.d.). It is a broad policy focused on addressing the challenges in Indian agriculture, one of which is sustainable agriculture and practices that affects environmental concerns. India has high population of people, second after China, which makes the government work on maintaining food security

Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Management - Essay Example A Collectivism Vs Individualism 11 5.1.1. B Power Distance 11 5.1.1. C Uncertainty Avoidance 11 5.1.1. D Time Orientation 11 5.1.1. E Quality Vs Quantity of Life 12 5.1.2 Analysis 12 6.1 Technological Environment 12 6.1.1 Technological Infrastructure 12 6.1.2 Communication Network 12 6.1.3 Logistics Network 12 6.1.4 Analysis 13 7.0 SWOT analysis 14 7.1 Strength 14 7.2 Weakness 14 7.3 Opportunities 14 7.4 Threat 15 8.0 Recommendations 15 9.0 References 16 1.0 Introduction Adventure Tours Australia is one of the leading nature-based small group tour companies. The company tries to cater to the needs of various people especially active budget travelers along with private charters (Adventure Tours n.d.). The company was established in the year 1993 and it has been evident that in the year 2010 the company had been successful in providing 90000 passengers which was the biggest achievement for the company. It has wide range of tours that explore highlights along with hidden delights of Wes tern Australia, South Australia, Victoria, Tasmania, New South Wales, Northern Territory and Queensland for its travelers at budget price. Adventure Tours Australia has won several awards for delivering quality services to travelers. It tries to focus on unique scenery, aboriginal culture of each area and wildlife. The tour normally ranges from one to eighteen days with regular assured departures. For those travelers who want an ‘extended value for money travel options’, several tours are combined into tour packages. The top management of the company is actively involved in day-to-day operations of the company and has been trying to make the company large enough so that it can render professional services and supports. It further engages in providing enough care to each passenger (Adventure Tours n.d.). The company is extremely concerned about climatic changes and negative impacts on unique Central Australian environment. In lieu of this fact, the company has tried to i ntroduce certain climate friendly initiatives into its every day operations and upon its future planning (Adventure Tours 2011). The aim of the company is to provide best services to its customers so that the prospective customers can be turned into loyal customers. Through this report it has been intended to expand Adventure Tours Australia’s operations in Brazil. The services will be rendered by Brazilian nationals, however training of the staffs in Brazil will be provided by Australians in order to make the employees aware of the potential organizational values and norms. In this report, a thorough situational analysis of Brazil will be conducted in order to understand the scope for Adventure Tours Australia in the country. Therefore, it will try to conduct a PESTEL analysis of Brazil along with a SWOT analysis. Finally, based upon the results from two analytical tools, recommendations will be provided to the Adventure Tours Australia as to whether it would be viable for t he company to expand its operation to Brazil. 2.0 PESTEL Analysis A PESTEL analysis is an analytical tool through which an organization can make strategies by understanding the external environment in which it operates or will operate in near future (Renewal Associates 2011). In order to expand operation in Brazil it is important to analyze Brazilians overall environment. 2.1 Political Environment 2.1.1 Government Stability The type of government that Brazil has is Federal Republic (U.S. Department of State

Case study II Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Case study II - Assignment Example One of the legal issues they should consider is the business structure. Currently, the business operates as a partnership. This means they should be able to decide the structure that will best suit their expanded business. A decision on this is reached after considering liability issues associated with each business structure; limited partnership or Limited Liability Company. They should also ensure that they get a new license or permit authorizing the operation of the new type of business. This is important because different types of business become operational under different types of licenses1. Contractual relationship is another legal issue to be considered. Hansel and Gretel and their contactors should read through any agreements they make for the new business before acting on them. Since the business operates with contractors, they should also consider disclosure and non-disclosure issues. This means contractors should sign an agreement to protect any confidential information of the business. One of the regulatory issues to be considered before modifying the business is cost. They should be able to meet the financial requirements for the new type of business. Hansel and Gretel should consider how the stability and continuity of the business will be affected by the changes in the business, especially due to structural changes. Control of decisions is another regulatory issue. They should consider to what extend they want to have control over the decisions to be made regarding the business. Hansel and Gretel have to consider financial laws relating to the new type of business for example tax laws and other financial regulations. This includes how the government will tax the new type of business. Various professional advisors give specialized advice regarding business issues. Professional business advisers are selected based on the most critical area that one needs to understand regarding the type of business they want to start.

How do African American Women with Hypertension verbalize their Article

How do African American Women with Hypertension verbalize their understanding to their condition - Article Example In evidence based medicine (EBM) recommends that clinical questions should be formulated in terms of problem or population, intervention, comparison and outcome (PICO). PICO questions are important in conducting search regarding a hypothesis that is relevant to the researcher’s practice (Huang, Lin, Demner-Fushman, 2006). It describes a process that is useful in making a suitable research question. In designing a research question, one must hypothesize how the topic affects the search for relevant information. A researcher should be able to think of a wider context of the topic and do explore preliminarily to find out relevant scientific aspects. The topic can then be narrowed to a specific group or condition which is a population such as a study based study on African Americans. Narrowing the search is strategically done by understanding the causal efficacy of a clinical intervention. In research question development, the researcher should ask a good question and choose the r ight study design (Bragge, 2010). First, the problem was identified among African American women with hy. These were the chief attributes used in the search. The other aspect is how they verbalize their understanding to the condition. This is also important since the researcher aims to find the relationship between chronically elevated blood pressure and their verbal expression of their understanding to their condition. It is important since it can help medical practitioners help the patients manage their condition. This study was aimed to develop a research question using PICO so as to perform a database search for relevant literature. In developing a good question, the second step is intervention where one needs to identify what they plan to do for the patient. In order to manage the condition among hypertensive African Americans, the best intervention is to determine how they understand their condition

How to Be a Better Listener Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

How to Be a Better Listener - Research Paper Example These are common natural sounds, yet they may sound unfamiliar, because we do not have the time or the inclination to listen to them. ‘Listening’ is not magic; it is simply an art that you will have to master, if you wish to succeed in life. Now the next question that will most obviously come to our minds will be, if listening is not hearing, then what do we do to listen? Yes, listening and hearing are entirely two different entities. How many times we have our ‘heard’ our mothers asking us to clean our rooms; and how many times we actually ‘listen’ to what she is trying to say and also do accordingly? How times do we ‘listen’ to our parents advising us to avoid doing certain things, or do we just hear them speaking some jargon, a language that we pretend we cannot understand and so can be easily forgotten? The basic difference between hearing and listening is in the amount of attention we pay to the person who is speaking to us, and in our attempts in trying to understand as to what he/she is actually saying. â€Å"My son never listens to what I say!†; â€Å"Will you for god’s sake please remain quiet and listen to what I am trying to say?† We have heard these complaints so many times that they sound quite clichà ©d to us by now. It is simply not in most people to listen to what others say. We love to speak, and have fallen in love with our voices so much, that we prefer to talk, even if it means speaking utter nonsense at times. Speaking one to a dozen does not help us much, and it is only in listening to what others say that we climb the ladder to success. So the next time your mother asks you to clean your room, or avoid doing certain things, just ‘listen’ to her. The training to acquire such basic skills start right from home, and once you are out in the world on your own, you may actually find that

Selection Of A Pressure Vessel Manufacturer Essay

Selection Of A Pressure Vessel Manufacturer - Essay Example Further more the visit was to check the offer made in the proposals. This means that if Atomic products or Nuclear vessels quoted price x, is that what it is going to be at the end, why is the price x, is there better Quality because of higher price, are they offering something more because of the price and so on. In short , discover the story behind the story. Furthermore in terms of feasibility both were relatively feasible. Atomic products had a fixed price which was lesser to Nuclear vessels. However Nuclear vessels because of their variable cost they could end up to be cheaper then Atomic products. Further feasibility factors are discussed later in the answer. The second factor was to weigh the pros and cons of the two short listed suppliers. Even though this is discussed in detail in answer 3 and four, but in essence the discovery was that both of them were in comparison better in one field and relatively worse of in the other field. The fourth factor was to discover the story behind the story. In essence they did discover the story behind the story. The detailed answer is in question 4, but the summary of it would be that in nature, motivation and cooperation which play an essential part in any company even though on paper (proposal) one seems to be better. Furthermore a product is not good if it is cheap and of bad quality. Likewise guarantee is no good if the product does not meet specifications. In the end one ends up with no product with a period of time lost. The fifth factor was to evaluate whether the vision of Oceanics Company would materialize if the task was given to Atomic products or Nuclear vessels. This factor would be highly dependent on the perception of the Oceanics representative. As the case speaks that after the proposal and after the two visits Jack Tooles, the representative of Oceanics Company was in split between the two companies. Therefore the vision that Oceanics Company has, is applicable to both companies. Hence this completes the evaluation for both companies. 3. Based on the face value of the written proposals, which company appeared to submit the better offer which is better Proposal Point ATOMIC PRODUCTS NUCLEAR VESSELS Price.(estimated costs) x Price.(variable costs) Hence resultant lower costs x Shop facilities x x Past experience x Need for Subcontracting x Organization. x x Delivery. x x Guarantee x As the summary shows

The analysis of Shangri-La hotels and resorts in the UK Essay

The analysis of Shangri-La hotels and resorts in the UK - Essay Example A flow of activities is involved in the communications strategy that enables a company to ultimately reach its customers. The important elements of this communication flow include the â€Å"source†, â€Å"message†, â€Å"medium† and the â€Å"receiver†. Also communications may be specific, selective or it may be mass communication. The various elements of the IMC are integrated in the communications mix and includes ‘advertising, sales activities, promotion, direct marketing, and public relations’. Integrating through all these measures, the main emphasis of the IMC is to influence its target customers (Anderson & Vincze, 2006: 372-377). As the case study of Shangri-La Hotels reflects, although several travel and tourism businesses were impacted owing to the terrorists’ attacks of the September 11, 2001 and other terrorist activities, yet Shangri-La Hotels which is an Asian based hotel group and based in Hong Kong, managed to survive an d maintain its growth and expansion plans thus achieving greater reputation, particularly for the high quality service that they provide. As can be realized from the success of Shangri-La Hotels, a proper strategic integrated communications mix is highly necessary to keep the demands of the customers rising and to attract newer customers as well. This report would mainly focus on determination of an integrated marketing communications strategy that may be applied for the Shangri-La group of hotels with an overview of the entire market, the internal analysis of the company, the media and creative strategy, the communications mix, and the timing and budgets required for the plan. Situation Analysis: Considering a nation like the United Kingdom, the travel and tourism industry seems to be continuously developing. The statistics of British Tourist Authority says that the expenditure level of tourist has risen from ? 12 billion in 1998 to more than ?18 billion in 2003. Around 1.7 million jobs are provided by the tourism industry in Britain. The number of visitors is increasing overtime. The major countries from where these visitors come include USA, France, Germany, and Italy (Rodgers, 2001:38-39). The travel and tourism industry in the twentieth century started growing rapidly with greater participation in tourism activities (Marvell & Hayward, 2005:21). The holiday resorts in UK are popular for their food, entertainment and other facilities. Costa Brava, Costa Dorada, Costa del Sol, Costa Blanca are some of the major players being very popular among tourists. Technology has brought about several changes in the industry with increasing use of computers posing threats to traditional values; internet facilities making tourists less dependent on travel agents, floating hotel being encouraged, and so on. Social and economic changes have also arisen with working classes getting greater access to tourisms, affordability has also increased among individuals, better pay p ackages being available for workers, and so on (Marvell & Hayward, 2005:23-24). Thus these factors affect the Shangri-La hotels as well. Internal Analysis of Shangri-La Hotels: The major strength of the company is in its possessing high standards of service that is supported by the operational, human and financial resources. The company experiences lower turnover in comparison to the whole industry. The reputation of the company with a strong brand name makes the position of the hotel group stronger in the market thus increasing its strength in the industry. The weaknesses of the company lie in its losing market share to its competitor like UK based Intercontinental Hotel Group, UK based Marriot Chain, or Hilton. The compensation

Battleship Potemkin Essay Example for Free

Battleship Potemkin Essay Montage is more than simply a technique. Montage compels you like a book because of what is left to the imagination. Giannetti’s book defines montage as â€Å"Transitional sequence of rapidly edited images, used to suggest the lapse of time or the passing of events.† The entire Battleship Potemkin movie gave the impression of a montage. I would not have been able to pay attention throughout the entire movie if it didn’t move so quickly. I must admit that Eisensteins â€Å"Battleship Potemkin† film is technically brilliant. Eisensteins film; â€Å"Battleship Potemkin† is one of the fundamental landmarks of cinema. The movie is about the crew of a battleship being mistreated. One of the opening scenes illustrates a soldier being hit while sleeping. Then for breakfast soldier are served meat crawling with maggots. When soldiers complain the chief officer inspects the meat and makes it seem as if nothing is wrong with it. When soldiers refuse to eat it officers throw a tarpaulin over the rebellious solders and order them to be shot by the guards amidst their own crew. The crew imploded, the news of the death by its crewmember spread causing chaos. The content of the famous massacre on the Odessa Steps grabbed my attention. The film was once banned in many nations, including its native Soviet Union; governments believed it could provoke audiences to rebel. According to today’s standards the Odessa Steps scene is graphic. Seeing children injured, shot and trampled made me cringe. When the woman stood in front of the soldiers with her bloody son pleading for the soldiers to stop, they shot her without remorse. The repeated close up on the carriage at the top of the steps caused anxiety simply because of the way it was edited. The constant cuts back and forth between the gunfire and the carriage had the viewer thinking are they going to shot the carriage like they did the mother standing in front of it, or is the carriage going to go tumbling down the stair forcing the baby to fly out? â€Å"Battleship Potemkin† is a political drama with the absence of personal drama. No single character is personalized which causes characters to represent or symbolize something greater, group of people with guns vs. a dismal group of unarmed folks. The juxtaposition had the greatest impact. Cutting between the anonymous uniformed gunman and the innocent victims that audiences could easily connect with.

Studio Production Essay Example for Free

Studio Production Essay With academic reference, research and analyse what your studio role involves both technically and creatively from pre production to production of a studio programme. And with reference to your team’s studio programme, discuss your role and how you contributed. Introduction The purpose of the â€Å"Studio Production† module was to produce a live studio programme in a team, starting from the pre-production stages right through to the live studio broadcast. Each member of the team was assigned a studio role that they would carry out throughout the course. The different roles available will be discussed in more detail later. Television studios supply the appropriate environment and coordination for making live studio programmes. Everything that goes on within a studio can be properly controlled and gives you the opportunity to get the best use out of the equipment; such as cameras, lighting and sound etc. Television studios are convenient and spacious enough to create sets and hold an audience. The audience are often there to interact; either by asking questions, or simply to laugh in the right places and give the presenter(s) someone to bounce off. Live studio programmes generally come as daytime or late night chat shows or discussion programmes. Research Daytime television has programmes such as: Ready, Steady, Cook, Paul O’Grady, This Morning and Loose Women. The media is the biggest cause for stereotyping, and daytime television is usually directed more towards women, who stereotypically are the ones at home in the day, whilst the man is at work. They are also for students and OAP’s who are also thought to be at home watching television. As these programmes are intended for the daytime, the content of these programmes must be suitable to be shown before the watershed. Late night television programmes are on after the watershed, so are allowed to be more risque. These programmes usually consist of a presenter, guests and some debates for factual or entertainment value. Friday Night With Jonathan Ross, Match of the Day, Parkinson and the Friday Night Project are all examples of late night shows. Discussion shows like Jeremy Kyle, Trisha Goddard and Question Time are often on during the day too, again its target audience being women, students and pensioners. There is usually a presenter who raises three or four different news or topical issues that are discussed, or problems are solved. There are many different roles that need to be undertaken in order to make a live studio programme: †¢Producer – they create the show and are responsible for the studio equipment and crew, as well as the content and timing of the programme. †¢Director – it is their visual input that makes the programme what you see. They are responsible for the overall flow of the programme, the shots, what cameras and graphics are to be used and to direct the crew. Vision Mixer – they are responsible for the output of the live programme. The director instructs what shots and graphics are needed and when and how they are transitioned, whilst the vision mixer gets it done. †¢Presenter – the one who delivers it all to the audience, reading from the autocue and adlibbing. †¢Scriptwriters – they write the programme script , so often the producer, presenter and prompt operator will be involved in the scriptwriting process. †¢VT Graphics – Graphics, titles and Astons are all designed and created for the programme. The VT’s are the videos used as cutaways in the programme to essentially give the presenter a break and to possibly change the scenery/area. Both work closely with the vision mixer. †¢Lighting – lights up the set, presenters and guests accordingly. †¢Sound – testing sound and responsible for the audio set-up. There are usually two sound engineers working on one programme. †¢Camera Operator – operates the camera. The director tells them what shot they want and the camera operator generates it, quickly framing and focusing on the person/object. A basic studio programme would have at least three or four cameras. †¢Floor Manager – manages the studio floor and making sure everyone is where they are supposed to be, controls the audience and passes on instructions to the presenter and guests on the programme. †¢Prompt Operator – inputs the script into the autocue, runs the autocue for the presenter to read. A daytrip to London’s Leicester Square Studio to watch TRL was organised, in order to get a feel of a live studio programme in transmission. Vision Mixing Vision mixing is similar to editing, only in real-time, as you are editing for a live studio programme, so you only have one chance to get it right. Once a moment has passed you cannot get it back, so timing and initiative are extremely important qualities to ensure for being a vision mixer. Like post-production editing, the cuts between takes want to look seamless and subtle, not clunky and obvious. The aim of the vision mixer is to follow the action. Viewers do not want to look at a shot of an inanimate person whilst someone else talks, they want to see who it is doing the talking. The vision mixer listens to what shots the director wants and how they want the cuts to look, and it is their job to bring the directors instructions to life. There are two main screens the vision mixer needs to be aware of: the â€Å"preview screen† and the â€Å"programme screen†. The preview screen shows what will need to go live next. Such as if camera 2 or a VT needs fading in, then it should be displayed ready to fade in on the preview screen. The programme screen shows what is currently being broadcast. A For-A VPS-700 Ginga Video Production System was used as the video switcher for the studio programme. It is a 12 input switcher, allowing for: 3 camera channels, 2 VT playback channels, a graphics fill key, an internal still store and also internal matte generators. Along the bottom of the switcher are two rows of thirteen numbered buttons (numbered 1-12, for the twelve inputs). These numbers represent a channel input that is being used for recording. For example, Camera 1 will generally be fed through button 1. Camera 2 is on 2, Camera 3 is on button 3 etc. The very first button on the row is â€Å"Black† which brings up an empty black screen. This is used to begin and end a programme: â€Å"fade to black†. The top row of buttons represents the ‘live’ buttons and when in use, will be lit in red. Red means â€Å"Live†. Whatever button is on here will be being shown on the programme screen. The bottom set of buttons will be what is displayed on the preview screen, and the buttons will light up in yellow, meaning they are ready to go live. There were six screens in the gallery that were assigned to channels on the switcher, so the first six channel inputs (the most used ones) were easy to view, without needing to set them up on the preview screen: 1. Camera 1 2. Camera 2 3. Camera 3 4. VT 1 5. VT 2 6. Graphics The transitions that could be used to edit between shots are cuts, mixes or fades. There are also many effects that the For-A VPS-700 Ginga could do. The come under wipes, digital video effects and downstream keys. Wipes do not manipulate the video source and are used by an inbuilt key. They can be used for graphic transitions, but are not ideal for live television productions as look quite juvenile. Digital video effects (DVE’s) can make picture-in-picture effects and change the position of the frame. Downstream keys (DSK’s) are used for Astons, logos and for rolling credits. â€Å"Back to the Movies† The chosen type of live studio programme that Group 3 chose to make was a quiz show. This was chosen because the majority of programmes being made by the other groups were late night chat shows, so a quiz show would stand out more from the others, as well as also providing more of a challenge to make. Quiz shows need to be spontaneous and can be unpredictable when it comes to people answering questions and what will be said. A good deal of the content is scripted, but the guests cannot be given scripted answers, as this would make the idea of the quiz fake. This meant that guests on the programme would not be able to rehearse all of the rounds or hear the questions that they would be answering in advance, so that they would not know them during the live broadcast. This means that cameras would not know which people to frame and focus in advance, nor would the director or vision mixer know who would need to be shown on the programme, until the guest buzzed in. This makes for harder work than a fully scripted programme, as well as impulsive shots to be taken by the camera operators and vision mixer. Being on a film course, the quiz show was decided to be based upon film questions, and separated into four rounds: †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Quick-fire† round – random film questions, teams buzz in to answer. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Guess the Odd One Out† round – each team is shown four images of film celebrities. They need to guess who is the odd one out and why. â€Å"Guess What Happens Next† round – each team is each shown two film clips. Using their imagination instead of knowledge, they need to guess what happens next. †¢Ã¢â‚¬Å"Movie Tagline† round – Each team is given different taglines from films, they need to guess what the film is. The director instructed that as a contestant spoke, the vision mixer would select the appropriate camera set up to capture the action. This involved a lot of quick switchin g, because during the quick-fire rounds, any of the four contestants could be answering. This meant that for this round, one of the three cameras needed to be on Team 1, another on Team 2, and the other camera on the Presenter at all times, because any of the teams could be answering the questions, and depending on the length of their answer, the action may switch back to the presenter. The presenter sits in the middle of the set, with a team of two guests to either side of him. The presenter has two buzzers to himself; one with the noise signalling a wrong answer, and the other making a noise to signify that the answer to the question is right. To make things easier for knowing who to switch to, the teams each had a separate buzzer noise, so that the director, cameras and vision mixer would realise who was about to speak, before they began. â€Å"Back to the Movies† starts with a fade from black to the opening 30 second VT on channel 4. The last ten seconds of the VT are counted down, and the establishing shot of the set is set up ready on the preview screen, through channel 2. The title graphics naming the show are faded onto the screen at this point, using the downstream key. They are faded back out, and a direct cut is made to show a shot of the audience clapping. Another direct cut is made to show the presenter, whilst his name is faded on and off screen, followed by direct cuts to introduce the teams, and again the graphics are faded in to show their team names. Direct cuts are used mostly throughout the show, as the cuts need to be quick and often you do not know in advance who will be the next to speak. The only fades used are for the graphics, VT’s and at the start and end of the show, when the programme is faded to black. Conclusion The idea of a quiz show was different to the more expected late night chat show that seemed to be a favourite among most students. It also provided more of a challenge because of its unpredictable nature that kept the crew on their toes at all times, and helped things to be less tedious. New guests each time helped to keep the atmosphere fresh during rehearsals. The only hindrance with â€Å"Back to the Movies† was the lack of cameras within the studio, as there were some shots that were just not doable with only three cameras and five people on set.

Distinguish Between Colonialism And Neocolonialism Cultural Studies Essay

Distinguish Between Colonialism And Neocolonialism Cultural Studies Essay The term colony comes from the Latin word colonus, meaning farmer. This root reminds us that the practice of colonialism usually involved the transfer of population to a new territory, where the arrivals lived as permanent settlers while maintaining political allegiance to their country of origin. Colonialism is a practice of domination, which involves the subjugation of one people to another. One of the difficulties in defining colonialism is that it is not easy to distinguish it from neocolonialism. Frequently the two concepts are treated as synonyms. Like colonialism, neocolonialism also involves political and economic control over a dependent territory. The etymology of the two terms, however, provides some clues about how they differ. According to Longman Contemporary English Dictionary colonialism is when a powerful country rules a weaker one and establishes its own trade and society there. ORIGIN OF COLONIALISM Before the abolition of the slave trade by Denmark in 1802 and Britain in 1807. The entire West African Coast witnessed trade in slaves which were need for the plantations of the then Industrialized new world. The nations involved were France, Britain, Denmark, Portugal and Germany. About forty years later the trade changed to that of colonialism conquest and occupation by Europeans. The Berlin West African Conference of 1884 1885 gave international recognition to a situation that was already in existence. 1945 1960 witnessed a reversal of the process of colonization decolonization while 1960 till date is witnessing a reincarnation and a resurrection of colonialism neocolonialism. Below shows a chronology of dates and the sequence of events from colonialism to neocolonialism and the present day ongoing process of neocolonialism. 1880 1885 Proto-Colonial period 1885 1945 Colonial Era Subdivision 1884 1885 Berlin Conference (the scramble for Africa) 1885 1900 Period of Conquest and occupation 1900 1919 Period of Penetration 1919 1939 Period of Colonial Rule 1939 1945 Decline of colonial rule 1945 1960 Period of decolonization 1960 Till date Period of Neocolonialism. MEANING OF NEOCOLONIALISM The term neocolonialism was first coined by Kwame Nkrumah, the first post-independence president of Ghana, and has been discussed by a number of twentieth century scholars and philosophers, including Jean-Paul Sartre and Noam Chomsky Neocolonialism is the practice of using capitalism, globalization, and cultural forces to control a country (usually former European colonies in Africa or Asia) in lieu of direct military or political control. Such control can be economic, cultural, or linguistic, by promoting ones own culture, language or media in the colony, corporations embedded in that culture can then make greater headway in opening the markets in those countries. Thus, neocolonialism would be the result of business interests leading to deleterious cultural effects. Neocolonialism as defined by Longmans contemporary English Dictionary is when a powerful country uses its economic and political influence to control another country. DEFERENCE BETWEEN COLONIALISM AND NEOCOLONIALISM Though colonialism and neocolonialism are two sides of a coin. There are a number of differences that distinguishes the two. COLONIALISM NEOCOLONIALISM It is not modern (between 1880 1960s It involves physical or territorial occupation by the colonizers It has ended It is the early state of capitalism or imperialism It varies according to country e.g. Indirect Rule, (British) and policy of assimilation association by the French. It was led by France and Britain. It is a modern phenomenon It is not involve direct or physical presence of the colonizer any more It is ongoing i.e it is a continuous process It is the highest stage of Imperialism Neo-colonialism uses one methodology agents of Globalization It is now led by USA Probably nothing has become as controversial a subject as the impact of Colonialism on Africa among scholars of history and political science. Scholars such as Gann, Duignan, Perham and PC Lloyd see colonialism and neocolonialism as a blessing rather than a curse while other scholars such as Kwame Nkrumah, Che Guevara, Walter Rodney, MHY Kaniki A.E. Afigbo, A. Adu, Boahen, Ali Mazrai etc. sees it as a curse rather than a blessing. To buttress this further Che Guevaras says. As long as imperialism exists it will by definition exert its domination over other countries. Today that domination is called neocolonialism. Che Guevara, Marxist revolutionary 1965 In view of this, the impact of Neo-colonialism therefore is not a lesser task to assess particularly from social, economic and political perspectives in Nigeria. To be frank, though there were positive effects but every greater were the negative ones. Below is my assessment of the impact of neocolonialism on the social, economic and political life of Nigeria. (A) AN ASSESSMENT SOCIAL-CULTURAL IMPACT OF NEO-COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA (1) Provision of a lingua franca. This is a positive impact of Neo-colonialism in Nigeria. The provision of a lingua franca (official language) for Nigeria can now be seen as a blessing due to the marriage of inconvenience which brought the numerous linguistic groups that constitutes the country to easily adopt a neutral language. Neo-colonialism through globalization has further consolidated the use of English language as the business and official language not only Nigeria but across the Anglophone countries. (2) Cultural Dominance According to Ali-Mazrui: African are not necessarily the most brutalized of peoples, but they are almost certainly the most humiliated. Using the agents of a globalization e.g. the Mass Media, Internet Western Movies etc. Nigerian culture like other African countries is evidently being subjugated and dominated by the western culture. Many Nigerians today seem to have imbibed the European way of life at the expense of our rich African culture (colonial mentality). This is gradually leading to a loss of cultural identity. (3) Western Education This is an indispensable effect that Neo-colonialism has also used as a tool for Nigerian continuous reliance on the west for inadequate, lopsided and wrongly oriented education which was bequeathed by colonialism and consolidated by Neo-colonialism. This is evident from the fact that our acquisition of western education has helped in a neglect of technological and industrial education rather than that of a technological advancement. (4) Environment Degradation Oil spillages due to the exploitation of oil by some multinational companies such as Shell, Exxon Mobil etc. has to a large extent polluted Nigerias water and land resources particularly in the oil producing areas of the Niger Delta. Consequently this has affected the eco-system, the habitat and the cultural occupation of the people of that area. (B) AN ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC IMPACT OF NEO-COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA Positively Nigeria as a country has benefiting economically from Neo-colonialism. However the negative economic impacts seem to outweigh the positive impacts. One out of the negative economic impacts includes: (1) Economic Dependency International Organizations accused of participating in neo-colonialism are the World Bank, World Trade Organizations, the Group of Eight the Paris Club, the World economic forum, IMF etc. have been used by the first world countries to subject Nigeria into some structural adjustments which will increase rather than alleviate poverty . These Organizations are neocolonial agents used to ensure a perpetual economic failure and dependence of Nigeria as evident in the high rate of underdevelopment, poverty, debt burden etc. which has characterized our economy. (2) Economic Subjugation by Multi-national Corporations Critics of neocolonialism has also argued that investment by multinational corporations enriches few in under-developed countries and causes humanitarian, environmental and ecological devastation to the population which inhabits the colonies. These corporations such as Shell, Exxon Mobil etc. are responsible for a continuous flow of natural resources (oil) which unduly benefits the neo-colonial states. (3) Economic Brain Drain Today modern slavery exists through visa lotteries used to siphon not only Nigerias but ultimately the human resources of the developing countries. This is an economic brain drain strategy to subject the third world into a continuous technological hostage. (C) AN ASSESSMENT OF THE POLITICAL IMPACTS OF NEO-COLONIALISM IN NIGERIA (1) Consolidation of Democracy in Nigeria Though Nigerias political history has been characterized by the Military versus the Civilians. Recently democracy seems to have been fully entrenched in Nigeria through neo-colonial agent, such as the U.N. and other similar organizations. (2) Political Dependency Nigerias membership of the United Nations and the Commonwealth which sit joined immediately after Independence provided reasons why we have always been politically dependent on neo-colonial states like the USA and Britain. Consequently, Nigeria membership Pan-African Movement like, NEPAD, the Non-Aligned Movements, the African Union, the ECOWAS have not liberated as from this unending political grip of dependency. (3) Political Instability and Regime Change Apparently, government either Military or Civilian which poses no threat to the neo-colonial states in Nigeria seem to last longer than the unfriendly ones. In my opinion, no other reason can be tendered as why the Murtala Seven Months Regime (July 1975 February 1976) and the Buhari regime (December 1983 August 1985) were very short lived. Nigerian leaders who refuse to be stooges or puppets of the neo-colonial powers are usually forcefully removed. (4) Loss of Independence and Sovereignty Neo-colonialism, as a continuation of colonialism have of course eroded the independence or sovereignty which Nigeria like many third world countries claimed to have gotten. (5) New Colonialism Finally, neo-colonialism is the tool which has helped the neo-colonial states to continue the colonial process which started around 1880 and obstructed by decolonization or Independence of Nigeria in 1960 In conclusion, whatever colonialism and neo-colonialism did or is doing for Africans in Africa or Nigeria, given its opportunities, it resources and the power and influence it is wielding till date it could and should have done far more than it has done. It is precisely because the neo-colonial states not only did not see the development of Africans as their first priority but did not see it as a priority at all that they stand criticized. The continuous existence of the tools of neo-colonialism therefore poses an existential threat to the development of Nigeria and Africa.

The Homeless are Not Legitimate Members of a Community Essay -- Argume

The Homeless are Not Legitimate Members of a Community In most every community in the United States there exists an ever-growing population of disenfranchised individuals, created by the absence of a home. Their place in the community allows them, at best, the socioeconomic status of â€Å"the homeless-members in our community.† But, are these homeless-members actually legitimate autonomous-members of a moral community? In this paper I will first argue that the homeless are not legitimate autonomous members of a community. Second that the community as a whole has a moral obligation to extend membership to the homeless by meeting their need for a home, and so legitimize their autonomy within the community. A moral community can most practically be defined as â€Å"†¦an entity constituted by all those people who have to work out meaningful ways of living together" (Ethics 98). It is the process of participants gaining access into a vast network of â€Å"communal relations/negotiations† which allows an individual the possibility to define and articulate his or her identity - with a sense of belonging. The grooming for participating in one’s community starts primarily at home in family life, as an individual - embedded in a social group - develops a moral-identity through the negotiation process of choices and actions that has its full expression within the greater community. The homeless, at least to some degree, have little or no part in these communal negotiations in their community due to their transient unstable condition. The community has not openly excluded the homeless from negotiations, it is simply an inadvertent social reality that is ignored by the greater community. If a moral community is an inclusive integrated network in whi... ...tion, must negotiate a directive where the â€Å"Good† of that community can be fully realized by the inclusion of all persons worthy of membership – worthy of a home. Otherwise, an unarticulated, disenfranchised human population in our community will continue to emerge on the other side of the economic-divide; inducing an â€Å"increased social dissonance.† For how can members of a moral community exclaim, â€Å"there’s no place like home† if persons in their mist lament, â€Å"there’s no place - for us!† In the words of Peter Singer: â€Å"If it is in our power to save someone’s life with little cost to our own lives, then we our morally obligated to do so, and not to do so is morally reprehensible† (Ethics 55). Works Cited Abbarno, G. John M. ed. The Ethics of Homelessness; Philosophical Perspectives: Value Inquire Book Series, Vol. 86. Rodopi (Amsterdam, Atlanta, Ga), 1999.

The Lottery Of Irony Essay -- essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Have you ever read the story of a princess kissing a frog, having it turn into a prince? Well, what if it didn’t become a prince, but she turned into a frog herself! This is called irony, something we would not expect to happen. In the story of the princess we would not expect that to happen. In the story â€Å"The Lottery,† written by Shirley Jackson, we see this situation in another form. She uses irony to bring out the point in her story. â€Å"The Lottery,† offers an â€Å"ironic twist of fate† that causes wonder and makes one sympathize with the characters.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   There have been many situations on our own lives in which we are totally surprised in the outcome of a situation. In this case Jackson emphasized the irony as her main goal. She declares, â€Å"to shock the story’s readers with a graphic demonstration of the pointless violence and general inhumanity in their own lives.† This shows that she wanted to use the element of irony to bring out the meaning of her story. Jackson used irony in many different ways such as Tessie being the last one to arrive and the first one to leave†¦(in a way). Also one would think of the lottery as being something to win and inherit goods or valuables from, however, winning the lottery means losing your life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another part of the story that came off surprising was how her husband gave her up so easily. Instead of feeling bad for his wife, Mr. Hutchinson quickly admitt...

The Slums :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Being raised in the slums of New York City there were not many role models for me to take after. At seventeen years old, I dropped out of school to pursue my only chance of success; long distance running. My dream would be to win the marathon that will be held in Chicago next month. If I win this race, I will receive $50,000 and hopefully a contract with Nike. There is only one problem that I face; there are a few women that are faster than I am. I am in constant training, and I have placed amongst the top ten women in the Boston Marathon, but I have never won a major race. How am I going to win when there are other people that can out run me?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While I was talking to one of my friends, who happens to be an athletic trainer, I told her of my worries. She informed me that there is a new experimental drug that can help to improve my endurance by preventing the build up of lactic acid in my muscles, and she had access to these pills. The drug has not yet been tested on humans, yet when animals were given the drug they had no series side effects. My friend offered me a one months sampling of the drug in return for $5000 if I win the race and nothing if I loose. She swore to me that it is not on the list of drugs that are banned and it will not show up on a blood test. What should I do?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The main issue that I ask myself is whether or not I should take the drugs. All of my life I have dreamed of being an Olympic runner and if I take these pills I may get my chance. These pills can help build up my muscles and endurance which will give me a better chance of taking home the gold. If these pills do work than I will be able to take the $50,000 I win and move myself out of this hole I am living in. If I am in a better environment, I may want to do something with myself; perhaps I could get my GED and take college courses. If I take these pills, I could possibly be the best runner there ever could be.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the contrary, I have also come up with the down sides of taking these pills.

Disater Management Essay

Disaster Resistant Construction Practices Introduction Disaster Resistant construction practices are as important as disaster resistant structrual designs. Infact the methodology for construction also should be designed for disaster resistance. We should have proper implemenation of the structural details so as to let the structure behave as envisiged. The quality and methodology of construction is equally important. For example we use cover blocks. If the cover blocks are not cast properly in good quality concrete then they facilitate concrete deterioration. Ultimately this affects durability and serviceablity of the structure. The Durability and serviceablity are the key elements of any structure. Ensuring Quality in construction will enable achieving durability and serviceablity as a desired end result. Openings too close to corners Too high and long walls Use of Cut Lintels Usually a building comprises of: 1. Walls 2. Openings 3. Foundation 4. Plinth 5. Beams/Columns 6. Roof / Slabs Deficient Bond at corners Parts of a Building Differential settlement due to soft soil.

The Invisible Man

In the novel, The ultraviolet Man, on that point atomic number 18 many characters that go against the Invisible Man and try to substantiate him from succeeding. The explanation of a Villain is A awful or evil person a scoundrel A dramatic or fictional character who is typically at odds with the hero. Since the Invisible Man is the shoplifter of the novel, Dr. Bledsoe would fit as a scoundrel towards him.Dr. Bledsoe is the pre aspectnt of the IMs college, and the IM looks up to him until he turns out to be a macroscopic phony. While Dr. Bledsoe preaches a doctrine of surd work and humility as the tell apart to black advancement, he retains his force as president of the college by playing the coon he scrapes, bows, and all the while deceives the potent white men upon whose patronage his violence depends. Thus Dr. Bledsoes supposed commitment to his operate is a sham at angiotensin-converting enzyme point he declares that he would assist every black man in the country lynched before he would contrive up his mark of authority. What makes Dr. Bledsoe such an authoritative villain is that the protagonist (IM) truly did think in him and look up to him as a role model. Bledsoe had the IMs want in his hands. One of the most weighty things to the IM was to go to college and become successful, but Bledsoe had the magnate to take all of that a direction.Bledsoe has three faces 1 he shows to important whites, a nonher he exhibits officially to the students of the college, and the private and align side he reveals to the IM. When the IM sees Bledsoes true nature, he curtly comes to realize the corruption and malevolent rules that Dr. Bledsoe utilizes. This is the IMs first base encounter with such deep-seated corruption. The IMs experience is that his world is at its deepest levels corrupted by certain varieties of radical dishonesty and manipulation.He sees this, when the man he idolizes, Dr. Bledsoe, is heavily secure in dishonesty and mani pulation. Dr. Bledsoe attributes his success to a similar ability to feign humility. The bureau hungry Bledsoe would sustain done anything to keep his mogul, even deceive a defenseless student or the white trustees. Bledsoe advocates deception as a good way to interact and manipulate Mr. Norton and the white trustees. His effect is that deceit is a means to nonplus dignity and status.Because of Bledsoes false identity, the IM recognizes his grandpas sentiment that true traitorousness lies in believing in the cloak of meekness. For, echoing Booker T. Washingtons philosophy, Bledsoe practices humility and preaches the virtue of humble contentment with ones place but, in fact, he uses his seeming passivity to sham his true aims. Bledsoe employs this mask of meekness non only as a method of self-importance-preservation or even self-em fountainment but too as a method of actively grabbing mogul. He uses the college and Washingtons ideology to gain a position of power earl ier than to achieve broad kind progress for his people (something that the IM initially looked up to him for). Bledsoes declaration that he has vie the nigger long and hard to film to his position and wont accommodate one young, naive student efface his accomplishments reveals his priorities his concern for the colleges image masks his greater fear that his possess image go forth be defiled and his power stripped.The IMs granddaddy advised his family to use masks as a form of self-defense and guard against racist white power, but Bledsoe uses masks as a weapon against members of his own race. Moreover, he uses deception to achieve an influential position within the white-dominated power structure rather than to dismantle that structure. One can cope that Bledsoes character shows the ultimate limitations of the grandfathers philosophy African Americans volition not win true power for themselves as a people if they gallop to lead double lives. This is a study theme in the novel, and its something that the IM does not truly understand until the end of the book.Dr. Bledsoe, although a villain to the IM and to the entire black community, the IM is lull able to learn a parcel out about him when it comes to his invisibility. The IM learns that to be invisible is to be unacknowledged by some others, and he learns that by playing a role or pretending to be something that you are not (masks) you end up losing your true self and sense of identity. Behind the many masks of Bledsoe, he ends up getting lost in his multiple identities and does not know who he is. Bledsoe seems to be blind to the fact that he too is black, and although he may have a higher position than other blacks, he is distillery invisible in the eyes of the white people to whom he sucks up to.Dr. Bledsoe is a villain who seems to be lost in his own evil, power hungry motives. Dr. Bledsoe is blind to the truth of his own identity, and therefore it causes the IM to rethink his life. Bledso e serves as a villain because of the many roles he play to fool people. He did not share about anyone else but himself. Bledsoe had many distorted morals, but the protagonist, the IM was able to learn from Bledsoes blindness and ignorance. He learned that your true identity does not come from the power of putting others down, but it comes from the realization that you are powerless but that you can still make an effort to change things for the cash advance of all people.

Natural monopoly Essay

I believe that times tack and as they, change rules and rulers must adapt to the times. Therefore, the discussion of the different industries must represent the different industries as they grow. I do non think the visit and Broadcast should n eer so have or ever be considered a ingrained Monopoly. The concept of native monopoly presents a challenging public policy dilemma. On the one hand, a inwrought monopoly implies that efficiency in production would be check replyd if a adept level supplies the entire grocery.On the other hand, in the absence of any competition the monopoly holder bequeath be tempted to exploit his inborn monopoly power in order to maximize its profits. A indwelling monopoly is be in sparings as an attention where the unbending approach of the capital goods is so high that it is not profitable for a second firm to give in and compete. There is a ingrained reason for this industry being a monopoly, namely that the economies of plateful c ommand one, rather than several, firms. Small-scale ownership would be slight efficient.Natural monopolies are typically utilities such as water, electricity, and natural gas. It would be very costly to reach a second set of water and sewage pipes in a city. Water and gas talking to portion has a high stiff cost and a low variable cost. Electricity is today being deregulated, so the generators of electric power puke now compete. But the infrastructure, the wires that carry the electricity, usually abide a natural monopoly, and the various companies send their electricity through the same grid. seam as a Natural MonopolyNearly every community in the United States allows only a single argument company to operate within its borders. Since the Boulder finish 4 in which the U. S. Supreme Court held that municipalities might be subject to antitrust liability for anticompetitive acts, most furrow franchises have been nominally nonexclusive but in feature do operate to precl ude all competitors. The licit rationale for municipal regulation is that cable television uses city-owned streets and rights-of-way the stinting rationale is the assumption that cable is a natural monopoly. The theory of natural monopoly holds that because of structural conditions that exist in certain industries, competition between firms cannot endure and whenever these conditions exist, it is unavoidable that only one firm leave behind survive. Thus, regulation is necessary to dilute the ill-effects of the monopoly. 5 Those who assert that cable telly is a natural monopoly focus on its economies of scale that is, its large fixed costs whose duplication by multiple companies would be inefficient and wasteful. Thus, competitive accession into the market should be proscribed because it is bound to be destructive.The Competitive Reality 1. A skeptic tryout exhortations that cable television is a natural monopoly that should be topical anaestheticly regulated could have some questions at this point. First, if cable is a natural monopoly, why do we gather up to guarantee it with a franchise? Economists Bruce Owen and slam Greenhalgh argue persuasively that given economies of scale, if a cable company is responsive and efficient in its price and service quality then there will be little incentive for competitors to enter, and no need for an exclusionary franchise policy.9 Thus, if entry restrictions are necessary to peck competition, the industry by definition is not a natural monopoly. 2. Second, if cable is a natural monopoly, is it needfully a local monopoly? Some observers use the wrong interchangeably, but there is no evidence that economic laws respect municipal boundaries. Given large fixed costs, does it make sense to award a local franchise to one company when another already has facilities in an adjacent community? Yet such wasteful duplication, as the natural monopoly proponents would call it, occurs often under the franchise system.Loca l franchises make no sense in a true natural monopoly setting. 3. These questions, however, go to the heart of natural monopoly theory itself, a doctrine that is under increasing attack. 10 In the expression of crumbling conventional wisdom in this area, the burden should be on the natural monopoly proponents to demonstrate that competition is not possible, and further, that regulation is necessary. Such a demonstration will prove impossible in the cable context. Cable is both extremely competitive, facing both immediately and indirect market challenges, and, in any event, is better left unregulated.For many decades, economic textbooks have held up the telecommunications industry as the ideal model of natural monopoly. A natural monopoly is said to exist when a single firm is able to control most, if not all, output and prices in a given market due to the enormous entry barriers and economies of scale associated with the industry. much specifically, a market is said to be by nat ure monopolistic when one firm can serve consumers at lower costs than two or more firms (Spulber 1995 31).For example, telephone service traditionally has indispensable laying an extensive cable network, constructing numerous calls change by reversal stations, and creating a variety of support services, before service could actually be initiated. Obviously, with such high entry costs, new firms can find it difficult to light upon a toehold in the industry. Those problems are compounded by the fact that once a single firm overcomes the initial costs, their average cost of doing business drops rapidly relative to newcomers. The telephone monopoly, however, has been anything but natural.Overlooked in the textbooks is the extent to which federal and state governmental actions throughout this century helped build the AT&T or Bell system monopoly. As Robert Crandall (1991 41) noted, Despite the democratic belief that the telephone network is a natural monopoly, the AT&T monopoly surv ived until the 1980s not because of its whiteness but because of overt government policy. I bank that the above facts help support my beliefs that these industries should not be considered Natural Monopolies.These companies just executed and had better position than other in the same industry had. straight off ATT is just as strong as it ever was.References Benjamin, S. M. , Lichtman, D. G. , Shelanski, H. , & Weiser , P. (2006). FOUNDATIONS. In Telecommunications Law and Policy . (2nd ed. ). (pp. 437 469). Durham, NC Carolina Academic Press. Foldvary, F. E. (1999). Natural Monopolies . The Progress Report. Retrieved January 9, 2012, from http//www. progress. org/fold74. htm Thierer , A. D. (1994). UNNATURAL MONOPOLY CRITICAL MOMENTS IN THE ontogenesis OF THE BELL SYSTEM MONOPOLY . 14(2).

Management information system Introduction

IntroductionThe genius of capital punishment disap luffment in teaching dodgings poop typic totallyy part from purport scenario phylogenesis to lowest death penalty.The carrying into action ill lucks prune from opinion genesis point in prison stipulation where the sentiment is conceived, to defining budgets, softw ar agreement modifications and engage of orthogonal consultants c arfully.The next sections reap the factor ins which instantaneously or indirectly influences the governing body carrying out loser.The writ of execution bereavement of an knowledge organisation commandly depends on the remains advise itself-importance and the unlike outside and intimate factors which influences its foundation and self cosmos (Heeks, 2002). The motley aspects which female genital organ be attributed for carrying out failures atomic number 18 the sideline1. authorise pass wariness leading beds The connection and quest of the high circ umspection in get the schema go fored thoroughly fuck off the fundament phases. The tier of possession is more often than not miss when it conform tos to busy connection and loyalty.a. crease depicted object reading failure The commitment of high focal point towards tell the worry line work run puzzle questions and simplifying the hightail it of their p arntage is by and large deficiencying. The core of anger and ratiocination encounter the failure of the writ of execution. go forthant shaping the events of requirements accumulation in ground of telephone line rowing much(prenominal) as time, drive and suit competentty would make them certain of the murder productions and their donation in triple-crown knowledge of the corpse.b. neediness of guidance and intimacy aft(prenominal) the clay of rules emergence find is provided to a trafficker, it is usually interpreted for minded(p) that the responsibilities of the drop dead a nxiety is destroyed at that point and the trafficker is all amenable for get across the ideas and come up with a deliverable. tooth root sagaciousness the constitutions reading run which only if involves the business flow type and their energetic participation.c. want of proper metrics to look into consummation a good deal the cheer added resources in the judicature has an faint salute associated with it. The constitute of quality, stocktaking directs, throughput and flow, overall equipment effectiveness, on-time deliveries and client satisfaction measures essentialiness be translated into time and cost. settlement hold bond paper of measure out to impalpable resources in an face mustiness(prenominal) be done at all levels.2. wad issues The transfigure circumspection issues of pot in an institution are rather prudent for executing failures.a. averse(predicate) towards transmute The particular factor is the minds of battalion for whom the technology is implemented. If they are not able to fool the salmagundi in a collateral elbow room in touching their on the job(p) habits, the outline would be rendered vapid (Casey, 2005).Solution judge the touchable organism or digital challenges by the people to rede the lordly challenges touch with frame takings and employee outturn. The add together of eagle-eyed term advantage which a outline would indorsement is unwittingly great to memorial tablet.b. blue institutionalise in remains The output level of the physical compositions subprogrames after the implementation of the system is interpreted as a equiprobable issue and accounts for its failure.Solution scheme must be operated in decent essence for its salutary being and use.3. Deployment methodsa. languid deployment strategies The strategies which are obligate in deploying the system in the makeup is dispute to the general functional of the evidence system. The veracious asce rtainment and the caution stance to the process for implementation and deployment of the system in the establishment would be an chief(prenominal) broker in its success. The phased implementation seems to be perpetually the scoop out notwithstanding an selective learning system and the associated organization must be vigorous synchronised to implement the change.Solution inclination by the parcel vendor in coaction with the high worry for deployment is a extended issue which requires get down and commitmentb. neglect of bread and butter and knowledge The miss of backing would issuing in mismanagement of information and advise related to activities. The lack of homework would make the employees tint disquieting to the systems operations and functions (Laudon, 2002).Solution kosher attendance to certificate and readying must be interpreted care.ConclusionThe implementation failures lie on the shoulders of some(prenominal) the organization and the c omputer software vendor. passable collaboration and commanding derivative instrument persuasion on twain ends would result in do the mature moves for implementation and undertake system failures.References / BibliographyCasey, Dermot (2005). correspondence the feature of learning Systems ontogenesis unsuccessful person A employment for Pragmatism.Heeks, Richard (2002). Failure, advantage and ImprovisationOf nurture Systems Projects in exploitation Countries.Laudon C. Kenneth and Jane P. Laudon (2002),Management Information System, sixth ed brand-new York Tata McGraw Hill.

How important is it that Othello is black?

Othellos wash drawing and glossize atomic number 18 explored in the conform to, especi e very last(predicate)y in ground of his miscellaneous nuptials with Desdemona and and so ar re every(prenominal) in ally Copernican and pregnant. The comprise Othello generates wave-p term duality look ats on the switch off of course at that clip and the una exchangeable confrontations of it reserve us to spring up a status on Elizabethan attitudes as tumescehead as to carryress our protest competition. angioten fault-converting enzyme could press against the magnificence of Othellos burnish same A.C. Bradley who envelopd a strife, which acquaints us with more than(prenominal) an teleph peerless line. However, nonwithstanding though Bradleys uptake to serve to hurry in a charitable musical mode is hesitant, it is legal as he counselinges on de nonation and motivation. Bradley fails to ascertain the racial trend a rattling operative iodine an d deal outs it to be petty in realize to the essentials of Othellos character. He does non identify Othellos coloration electr unmatchablegative to his high-handedness either He begins in the stolon us, pitch- d witness in the mouth and grand, with a brightness upon him from the sunbathe where he was born and recalls that in his ascertain an Englishman would go been as much a victim as this fasten in these circumstances.An evoke retire that or so critics controversy well-nigh is Othellos meticulous heathenish origins, victorious nifty var. to kick upstairs that Othello would contain been Arabic in appearance. What Bradley develops on this b be is by chance if we aphorism Othello resinous with the tangible eye, the plague of our channelwould conquer our caprice. He tight plausibly had in promontory a precise lousiness struggle African Othello, which he represents would be unbefitting for the snap. A nurture cause against the immen seness of Othellos die hard could be seen from Jane Adamson who recalls secret code on the cope nigh the contract odor of Othellos bark, aside from the item that it is absurd. She assumes that the entailment of backwash in the twirl tail has unremarkably been over-emphasised by twentieth hundred critics and producers. I overly chequer with her on the qui vive of the exit and moreover filter outness to highlighting the discordant overemphasis on the persuasion of Othellos struggle act upon because some another(prenominal) elements in the put-on much(prenominal)(prenominal) as the calamity of the fun are cosmos isolated.On the tush of universe against the vastness of Othellos twist and charge, it could be make dod that Shakespeare presented a shadowy numbfish quite of a neat integrity to introduce the composition of variation or unless when include it as a opthalmic aspect decoration, and from Bradleys bear down of view if anyone c ongratulated Shakespeare on the straightforwardness of his racial psychology he would produce laughedIt is as well as sportsman identical to argue that Othellos expedite is a very substantive and pivotal release that legion(predicate) would arrange interferes with the religion of the Elizabethan principles at that magazine, still some chose to welcome confessions in nightclub to come to name with Othello, his accelerate and his presence in the hunt. In his upbraiding Calderwood focuses on Othello as an ut approximately(prenominal) outlander amongst the Venetians moorlands were only when outsiders, the other who is not wish well us further he concludes by present Othello his toleration im placeable to Othellos Christianity. throughout his check Calderwood does not break out bread and andter the fancy of Othello organism an outsider, by handicraft him a sub-human and emphasising his Moresque and fiendish qualities by stating that the Venetian l aundry were direct citizens and Othello was a futile infidel who was more closely affiliation up to animals and the Prince of Darkness. tho Calderwood contradicts himself as he jumps from criticising Othello about his operate to excusing his perturbation in Venice by judge the fix base on his Christianity and his coincidence with the Venetians in theology and approbative actions. Calderwood goes on to strengthen his base by locution that with his in the buff Christian attitude and lifestyle Othello fundamentally belongs in Venice because he is new swear out in the neckcloth of the sink birth and he is not genuinely an racyness adversary amongst salutary citizens. He similarly insists that although Othello is from a divers(prenominal) scarper that comes with many a(prenominal) prejudicious associations as well as that he was a origin infidel, he should be pass judgment base on his corroboratory Christian characteristics. intent in principal the a rgument put precedent by Calderwood, it is needed to consider the resultant sales booth Could it be argued that perhaps cod to the comments, gratis(p) and glum comments from several(predicate) characters like Iago on the eccentric of Othellos hightail it and his wedding party to Desdemona a prejudicious novelty occurs from a alarming Christian to a conventional slow Moor? The pressures of Othellos conglutination and the disconfirming receptions of those round him do attention deficit hyperactivity disorder to his downfall, all of which expedite is a study fixings of, and that underlines the vastness of Othellos take to the woods in the lead.Calderwood bound up Othello as a dire monster, and as regularize to remediate him as a Christian, who was congruous of organism spyd into his surroundings, notwithstanding in my opinion, in taste to explain wherefore he feels Othello merit the acceptance because of his Christianity, Calderwoods contention i s improbable moreover touch as its an interest justification for much(prenominal) a beta suspense of point in the tour as lean.It is catchy to flow on one prospect of the conflict as the contentions introduced by Bradley, Adamson and Calderwood seem to take into an self-assertion against the richness of Othellos food color and locomote. I moldiness until at present nervous strain to educe the argument in party favour of the grandness of Othellos move and gloss.all(a) rebuke of the conglutination is establish solely on racial considerations and this provokes characters to turn against Othello. At the beginning of the play Othello sees himself as well of Desdemonas cacoethes and his self- recognition is that of comparison with Desdemona. He accentuates this when he says She had eye and chose me (III.3.192). Othello begins as a pricey Christian world(a), however, with great criticism much(prenominal) as Brabantios, Othello loses corporate trust and becomes tardily persuaded by Iago who views Othello as a violently jealous fritter like all Africans and a base moor (I.1.125).With his keenness on the record of Othello, Iagos forbidding and deadly racialism deteriorates throughout the play and causes the annihilation of the fatal and uncontaminating unison that existed earlier and causes Othello to wear in an bleached flair compass him into an absolutely evil fierceness that destroys himself and his spousals.When Iago annihilates Othellos imperious perception of Desdemona, Othello starts to feel the affright towards his accolade and articulates his elicit by mouth of his discolour in a intuitionful mode Her name, that was as sporty as Dians fall guy, is now raunchy and opaque as exploit own type (III.3.389-91). It is a good poser to show how Othellos unawareness of the meaning of his melt changed by Iagos racism and cruel intentions, off him into a all in all variant person, witting of his sack and Desdemonas infidelity.Desdemona only when has of all sequence adjudge Othellos knowledgeable worth I motto Othellos visage in his intellectual (I.3.252), and stock-still when his honourableity was hidden she hold her hatful his causticity whitethorn whacking my life, nevertheless never speck my live (IV.2.162). She is unswervingly truehearted to Othello and point when she dies, she declares her make out for the inner, obscured Othello, precept think back me to my resistant lord (V.2.126). Desdemona identifies her husbands jealousy as ignorable and continues to give him her recognise to the fullest air my love doth so wonder him, that his stubbornness, his checks and frowns gestate pad in them (IV.3.19).Considering the polemical notions, it is too crucial to break up attitudes to charge in the Elizabethan era, as historicist or Elizabethan attitudes to extend in the sixteenth ascorbic acid were very polar to the attitudes now. adept co uld argue that Othellos run, being shady in colour, had a electric shock take account imprint on Shakespeares earshot. To the Elizabethans Othellos spit out colour would not only pass water displayed a visual ugliness, except moral inequalities. His miscellaneous marriage with Desdemona a white female, besides added to the aversion of the interview, exclusively also to their interest and tempestuousness as it could be seen that the pipeline in their flake color would in circumstance tolerate the enkindle understructure of disallow love, but it is the subplot which indicates the threaten cash dispenser of abominate and distrust in the play.In Vaughns argument, the critics focus is on the reception of the Elizabethan auditory modality towards Othello. She states that Othellos dark race be to be visually significant to the reception of the audience and that his material temper gives visual register of him not belong to his Venetian surroundings.Vaughn r eveals that Elizabethans were hypnotised by Othellos experiences and cerebrate his bleak colour with negation, dirt, sin and conclusion. His explorations and adventures also contributed to his otherness and his outsideness with the connections to nakedness, savagery, and general immorality. It is true to say that at that detail of time the Elizabethans would recognize having low-spirited skin as having fiendish qualities and perversion, and would link the vilest qualities to African and Moresque people.I conceptualize that the Elizabethan audience could birth been churn up by the fall in of such contrastive figures and in all probability viewed Othellos lightlessness as being associated with dirt, filth, and the trounce as in the Elizabethan mind Othellos race prove him deficient and frightful of Desdemona and all her lordly Venetian qualities. Whereas in raw daytime criticisms, such a field of study would not be interested as an appear befitting debating about, because ethnical groups became very true in England and the contrastive approaches to the issue of race armed service us don dissimilar interpretations.Elizabethan environment at the time of the play was tense and the generalizations that were make during that time. Her card on these generalizations helped to crystalize and explain the stereotypes make during the play. disdain the cleverness into the reaction and thoughts of the Shakespearean audience, the article tended to be exigent by restating the prejudicious qualities that were associated with Othellos race kinda of explaining wherefore they were associated with one another. think could it be argued that Shakespeare do Othello black in value to explore flutter on with opposite word and the consequences of such issues? It would be brusk to write out the brilliance of Othellos race in the play because it is most in spades a significant matter. In say to moderately becharm his audience, Shakespea re could see easily added a thin property in Othellos skin colour to add the foreign come to that would be enough, or he could redeem counterbalance do him totally white, yet Shakespeare insisted upon the pitch blackness of Othello as otherwise in that location wouldnt be the signify to by design smutty imagery.

Comparator

COMPARATOR a bend which compares twovoltagesorcurrentsand switches its proceeds to suggest which is larger. COMPARATOR WITH HYSTERESIS Hysteresis is achieved by dogmatic feedback and makes the comparator little sharp to hoo-hah on the input. pic VHYS = V2 V2 V2 = R2 R2 + R1 V2 = R2 R2 + R1 Jonathan archer captain of the number 1 space send out initiative The just about(prenominal) catchy assess approach both captain, both crew, is the sacking of a shipmate.Weve practise present to keep an eye on unrivaled of our own. In the measure we knew him, he showed us conscionable how more(prenominal) one smell screw real matter. We pull up stakes neer embarrass what he did for us, and for the ship he love so much. We leave behind go beforehand with re-create endeavor to blast this mission, so that his dedicate wont retri exclusivelyive pay been for the the great unwashed on this ship, but for every(prenominal) the citizens of Earth. Samuel J. Palmisa no moderate of the posting and captain administrator incumbent IBM CorporationThere are, however, certain kinds of aspirations that cant be achieved by means of organizational capabilities, orbiculate f alone or engine roomor by applying the lessons of the past. To pick up the biggest scotch opportunities or to face societys most intimidate problemsto work out what the earth power be, and genuinely to induce it flock consume want something more vestigial a unusual energy to have a bun in the oven opportunities, to give way developments, to tackle and whip molarity challenges. SHINICHI SASAKI executive director wrong PRESIDENT, TOYOTA ride CORPORATIOFully awake that frequent from nodes is substantive to its keep success, Toyota is strive to picture its customers with the highest-quality products and go under(a) its guest send-off policy. ground on the kaizen (continuous amendment) school of thought at the philia of its manufacturing acti vities, Toyota is working knockout to endlessly improve customer atonement by dint of initiatives in all areas of its credit line activities, including development, purchasing, production, sales and after-sales services, end-to-end the holy Toyota Group.

Collateral mortgage obligations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 16250 words

in engineer owe obligations - probe causaThis descriptive look into aimed at undersurfacevas the numerous paygrade methodologies of prepayment speeds with Collateralized mortgage Obligations (CMO) tranches in golf club to go bad the wideness of these rating methods in dealings with the intricateities of the reliable frugal scenes. The read/write head accusatory of the lease in the main scrutinized the relevance of these CMOs to the authoritative economic situations. Collateralized mortgage Obligations have got been referred to as claims that turn come out from property flows from s salutaryed pools of habitation mortgages. The CMOs ar designed much(prenominal) that principals and have-to doe withs in unrival take case acquire from mortgage holders argon distributed to the tranches. As debt derivatives, they offer sell and institutional investors the opening of higher(prenominal) yields with a hackneyed & poor ratings AA or abdominal aortic ane urysm ratings. CMO symbolize interest prescribe pretend, as well as prepayment risk that shed light on it rattling sensitive. The 2007 pecuniary belch was one of the reasons that led to the adjust in CMOs receivable to their unfitness to block the higher up mentioned risks. Therefore, the consider line up out to constitute a regularise military rating theoretical account for CMO retail shop steward platforms use diachronic entropy from FNMA, collecting of experiential info from direct reflection and unregulated questionnaires from the FINRA firms. From the probe of the both major(ip) forms of military rating, videlicet Fixed- appraise mortgage and adjustable rate address e paygrade methodologies, it was feasible to in reality check up on a type valuation of a five-tranche CMO that can be utilise to the define model.This proposed numerical descriptive seek strike discusses the miscellaneous valuation methodologies of prepayment speeds with C ollateralized owe Obligations (CMO) tranches and analyzes the bearing the everyday valuation methods are useable in actual complex economic scenarios. The mark of this playing field is to begin with to testify the pertinency of various methods of valuation for set the CMOs so as to determine their

Implementation of Infrastructural design for information technology in Research Paper

execution of instrument of Infrastructural digit for knowledge engineering in fiscal purlieu - enquiry piece utilisationKeywords hosts, heighten, co-location, co-lo, IT, culture engineering science, location, maintenance, email, arcminute messaging, ticketing transcription contrive throughation of Infrastructural end for IT in a fiscal purlieu I. creative activity i. accentuate of the conundrum The modern advancements in culture and applied science oblige resulted in widespread adoption of profited culture strategys thereby creating new-fashioned threats to the virtue, and precaution of the randomness fundament and proceeding in a recite of pecuniary milieus crosswise the globe. accordingly galore(postnominal) banks and separate monetary organizations ar more and more implementing solid infrastructural excogitates of information engine room in their financial environments non simply to serious their reactive communications and pro ceedings exclusively besides to make better the receivedness and integrity of their systems. agree to Harris (2001, p.39), an powerful IT foot anatomy reduces the risks of authority difference financial losings ascribable to interlocking faults meter at the like time reduction the expenses relate to mesh topology trouble. A correctly utilise infrastructural architectural plan for information engine room in a financial environment a great dealtimes integrates a come up of technological character references to hold in railway line require of the especial(a) organization. IT basis comprises a concourse of overlap indubitable IT resources that bring home the bacon a prat to change ease up and potential product line applications. These recourses implicate the operating(a) systems, depict entropy. mettle data-processing applications network and telecommunication and overlap its operate. information management is the nerve centre component o f judicature fundament it is the happy chief city of righteousness governance. exceed practices and standards consumes in efficient, amenable and woo in force(p) persona of resources. IT comprises of a copious spectrum of technology and services that back-up information management. financial institutions are often demanding environments transaction with broad quantities of bare-assed information. In this regard, it is critically distinguished to implement reliable and salutary infrastructural designs for such(prenominal) environments to curb their racy consummation as puff up as pop the question pay back assenting to information. This penning seeks to lucubrate the particularized server farm apparatus that leave behind be utilised by the comp some(prenominal), the design of the IT department, the typeface of bundle and ironware that would be best suit for the comp any(prenominal), as hale as the divers(prenominal) possibilities for co-location site s that would be employ for the servers themselves. ii. investigators study scope and subroutine The tec is a fine-tune pupil pursing know of scholarship full stop in Management. As the lead look forer, my uncomplicated consumption pull up stakes be to abridgment the particularised seek paradox and work near with the other members of the question squad towards the deed of the research goals. I testament too be stimulate to inscribe in the data order of battle processes as headspring as to bear a supervisory role end-to-end the research. iii. account of the hassle For any information and communication system in any effort to affect smoothly a